[S1B3] Cybersecurity and Cybercrime

這堂課也是由Prof. Bart Schermer上，在這之間他升等為正教授了。

名字很直接，也很容易聯想到要討論什麼，除了一開始幾堂課一樣在介紹一些技術以外，主要圍繞在「刑法」跟「刑事程序法」上面，而實體/程序法內容則是Convention of Cybercrime。基本上會逐條介紹。

收穫度：★★★★★
負重比：★★★☆☆

這堂負重比稍微提高的原因是，「考試」佔100%。然而，一樣收益良多。

期末考題會等我畢業以後再公布。總之，課程上會探討各種違反電腦安全的方法，以及違反的公約等等，而主要參考文件除了CoC公約跟案例法以外，主要圍繞在一本今年出版的書上，課程概述以及必讀清單請往下看：

準備方法也就是看考古題，基本上第一大題都是一樣的，一題國際管轄權，CoC公約佔最大部分。

Seminar 1

11 January 2022, 15:15-17:00
In this first session we will explore the topics of cybersecurity, cybercrime and cyberwarfare. We shall discuss actors, motivations and technologies.
Required reading:
- Klimburg, A. (Ed.) (2012), National Cyber Security Framework Manual, NATO CCD COE Publication, Tallinn 2012 (chapter 1)
- Van der Wagen, W., Oerlemans, J. J., Weulen Kranenbarg, M. (eds.) (2021), Essentials in cybercrime: a criminological overview for theory and practice, Den Haag: Boom Juridische Uitgevers. p. 21-32
- Koops, B. J. (2016), The Internet and its opportunities for cybercrime.
- Leukfeldt, R., Kleemans, E. R. Stol, W. (2017), The Use of Online Crime Markets by Cybercriminal Networks: A View From Within
- How does TOR work?
Recommended reading:
- Europol (2021), The Internet Organised Crime Threat Assessment (iOCTA) 2021
  - (Click here)
- Alexander Klimburg (Ed.) (2012), National Cyber Security Framework Manual, NATO CCD COE Publication, Tallinn 2012
- The Tallin Manual on International law applicable to cyber operations (Tallin Manual 2.0)

13 January 2022, 15:15-17:00 hours
In this second session we will continue our discussion on the cybersecurity & cybercrime ecosystem and discuss the regulation of cybersecurity (primarily) within the European Union.
Required reading:

18 January 2022, 15:15-17:00
In this third session we will examine substantive criminal law in the area of cybercrime. Specific attention will be devoted to the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime.
Required reading:
- Van der Wagen, W., Oerlemans, J. J., Weulen Kranenbarg, M. (eds.) (2021), Essentials in cybercrime: a criminological overview for theory and practice, Den Haag: Boom Juridische Uitgevers. p. 53-94
- Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23.XI.2001
  - (http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/185.htm)
- Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime Explanatory Report
  - (http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Reports/Html/185.htm)
- DIRECTIVE 2011/92/EU on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography

20 January 2022, 15:15-17:00
This fourth seminar will deal with criminal investigations and criminal procedure. Specific attention will be devoted to: 1) the relation between fundamental rights and criminal investigations and 2) issues regarding cross-border investigation of cybercrimes. This seminar will set the stage for seminars 5, 6, 7 and 8.
Required reading:
- Van der Wagen, W., Oerlemans, J. J., Weulen Kranenbarg, M. (eds.) (2021), Essentials in cybercrime: a criminological overview for theory and practice, Den Haag: Boom Juridische Uitgevers. p. 197-257
- Gerards, J. (2019), General principles of the European Convention on Human Rights (p. 1-17, section 5.1-5.3, chapter 8, chapter 10)
- K. U. v Finland

1 February 2022, 15:15-17:00
In this fifth seminar we will examine the issues associated with jurisdiction in cybercrime cases. Particular focus will be on cross-border collection of evidence.
Required reading:
- Oerlemans, J. J. (2016), Investigating cybercrime, p. 56-65, 293-356
- Koops, E.J., Goodwin, M. (2014), Cybercrime and cross-border criminal investigation, The limits and possibilities of international law.
- Tinoco-Pastrana, A. (2020), The proposal on electronic evidence in the EU, EUCRIM
- Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime, Budapest, 23.XI.2001
  - (http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/Html/185.htm)
- Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime Explanatory Report
  - (http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Reports/Html/185.htm)
- E-evidence Directive
- E-evidence Regulation
Recommended reading:
- Negotiations on a 2nd protocol the CoE Convention on Cybercrime (electronic evidence)

3 February 2022, 15:15-17:00
In this sixth seminar we will focus on digital evidence and e-forensics. The lecture will be given bij mr. Harm van Beek of the Dutch Forensics Institute (NFI)
Required reading:
- –
Recommended reading:
- Leukfeldt, R., Kleemans, E. R. Stol, W. (2017), The Use of Online Crime Markets by Cybercriminal Networks: A View From Within

8 February 2022, 15:15-17:00h
In this seventh seminar we will focus on criminal procedure in relation to human rights. Specific attention will be devoted to the article 6 and article 8 of the ECHR.
Required reading:
- Van der Wagen, W., Oerlemans, J. J., Weulen Kranenbarg, M. (eds.) (2021), Essentials in cybercrime: a criminological overview for theory and practice, Den Haag: Boom Juridische Uitgevers. p. 197-257
- European Court of Human Rights, Guide to article 8 ECHR (p. 7-13, 44-46)
- European Court of Human Rights, Guide to article 6 of ECHR (criminal limb), p. 7, 8, 33-37, 39-50)
- Schermer et al. (2016), Legal aspects of Sweetie 2.0, p. 44-87.
- Case Law:
  - P.G and J.H v. United Kingdom (ECHR, Application no. 44787/98)
  - Huvig v. France (ECHR, Application no. 11105/84)
  - Kruslin v. France (ECHR, Application no. 11801/85)
  - Roman Zahkarov v. Russia (ECHR, Application no. 47143/06)
  - Big Brother Watch and others v. United Kingdom (ECHR, Applications nos. 58170/13, 62322/14 and 24960/15)
  - Centrum för Rättvisa v Sweden (ECHR, Application no. 35252/08)
  - Prokuratuur (ECJ, C‑746/18, ECLI:EU:C:2021:152)
  - Bannikova v Russia (ECHR Application no. 18757/06)
  - Texeira do Castro v Portugal (ECHR 44/1997/828/1034)
  - Ramanauskas v Lithuania (ECHR, Application no 74420/01)
  - Malininas v Lithuania (ECHR, Application no. 10071/04)
Recommended reading
- –

10 February 2022, 15:15-17:00h
In this eighth seminar we will continue the discussion on the right to privacy and the right to a fair trial of the previous week.

15 February 2022, 15:15-17:00
In this ninth seminar we will have a guest lecture from mr. Roel Klaar. Roel is a legal expert for the Cybercrime Expert Centre of the Dutch Judiciary. The lecture will focus on Bitcoin and money laundering.